Milestones for building research infrastructures

During the last two centuries, the first outburst of research infrastructure (RIs) construction in Europe happened after the second world war, when striveing for peaceful cooperation initiated the construction of CERN (1954) and DUBNA (1956), followed by RIs gathered under EIROforum (ESO, ESA, EMBL) today. The legal basis for these intergovernmental organizations operating research infrastructures was public international law, international agreements. The benefits of this approach were tax exemptions, procurement rules based on internal regulations, diplomatic immunity, and financial stability based on member goverments´ contributions. In addition to this, own in 6 house research, “georeturn” in most of them, and mobility of personnel within the same organisation was made possible.

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